Roman Numeral Converter
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Results
2026 in Roman numerals is MMXXVI
MMXXVI
| Place | Digit | Value | Numeral |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thousands | 2 | 2,000 | MM |
| Tens | 2 | 20 | XX |
| Ones | 6 | 6 | VI |
How to use the Roman numeral converter
- Choose a direction: number to Roman numerals, Roman numerals to number, or a date.
- Type the number (1 to 3,999) or the numeral. Lowercase letters are fine.
- For numbers from 4,000, turn on overline notation. To type an overlined letter, put an underscore before it:
_Vis 5,000. - Read the result and the breakdown table, then copy the numeral with the Copy button.
How Roman numerals work
4 = IV 9 = IX 40 = XL 90 = XC 400 = CD 900 = CM
a bar over a numeral multiplies it by 1,000: V̅ = 5,000
The modern standard form writes a number one decimal place at a time, from the thousands down. Each digit has a fixed spelling: 1 to 3 repeat the symbol (I, II, III), 4 and 9 use subtraction (IV, IX), and 5 to 8 start from the five-symbol (V, VI, VII, VIII). Zero has no symbol, so an empty place is simply skipped. The rules that follow from this are the ones the converter checks:
- I, X, C and M may repeat at most three times in a row. V, L and D never repeat.
- Only I, X and C are subtracted, and only from the next two larger symbols: I from V and X, X from L and C, C from D and M.
- Only one symbol is subtracted at a time, and the groups must run from the largest place value to the smallest.
Worked example: 1994
Split 1994 into place values: 1,000 (M) + 900 (CM) + 90 (XC) + 4 (IV). Joined together that gives MCMXCIV. Reading it back, M is 1,000, CM is 1,000 − 100 = 900, XC is 100 − 10 = 90 and IV is 5 − 1 = 4, which add up to 1,994. A date works the same way, one part at a time: the Apollo 11 Moon landing on July 20, 1969 is VII.XX.MCMLXIX in month.day.year order.
Roman numerals chart
| Number | Numeral | Number | Numeral | Number | Numeral |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 10 | X | 100 | C |
| 2 | II | 20 | XX | 200 | CC |
| 3 | III | 30 | XXX | 300 | CCC |
| 4 | IV | 40 | XL | 400 | CD |
| 5 | V | 50 | L | 500 | D |
| 6 | VI | 60 | LX | 600 | DC |
| 7 | VII | 70 | LXX | 700 | DCC |
| 8 | VIII | 80 | LXXX | 800 | DCCC |
| 9 | IX | 90 | XC | 900 | CM |
| 10 | X | 100 | C | 1,000 | M |
Years in Roman numerals
| Year | Roman numerals | Year | Roman numerals |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1066 | MLXVI | 2000 | MM |
| 1492 | MCDXCII | 2010 | MMX |
| 1776 | MDCCLXXVI | 2020 | MMXX |
| 1900 | MCM | 2025 | MMXXV |
| 1950 | MCML | 2026 | MMXXVI |
| 1999 | MCMXCIX | 2030 | MMXXX |
Common mistakes the converter rejects
| Written | Why it isn't standard |
|---|---|
IIII | I can appear at most three times in a row: IIII would be 4, and 4 is written IV. |
VX | V is never subtracted, so VX isn't valid: 5 is written V. |
IC | I can only be subtracted from V and X, so IC isn't valid: 99 is written XCIX. |
IIX | Only one I can come before X: IIX isn't 8; 8 is written VIII. |
XM | X can only be subtracted from L and C, so XM isn't valid: 990 is written CMXC. |
VV | V is never repeated: VV would be 10, and 10 is written X. |
IXI | The symbols aren't in the standard order (largest place value first, one group per digit). Read left to right they add up to 10, and 10 is written X. |
MMMM | M can appear at most three times. Standard numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX); turn on overline notation for larger numbers. |
You will still see some of these in the wild. Many clock faces show 4 as IIII, and ancient inscriptions were far less consistent than the modern rules. The converter follows the standard form used today in books, film credits and legal documents, so it flags them instead of guessing.
Large numbers with the vinculum
Standard numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), because a fourth M isn't allowed. For larger numbers a bar, the vinculum, multiplies a numeral by 1,000. This converter writes the thousands under a bar and the remainder normally, so 4,500 is I̅V̅D. Conventions varied historically, so check what style your project expects.
| Number | With a bar |
|---|---|
| 4,000 | I̅V̅ |
| 5,000 | V̅ |
| 10,000 | X̅ |
| 50,000 | L̅ |
| 100,000 | C̅ |
| 1,000,000 | M̅ |
Working with other number systems? The binary calculator and hex calculator convert between bases, and the day of the week calculator tells you what day a date fell on.
Frequently asked questions
How do you write 2026 in Roman numerals?
2026 is MMXXVI: MM for 2,000, XX for 20 and VI for 6. There is no symbol for zero, so the empty hundreds place is simply skipped. 2025 is MMXXV and 2030 is MMXXX.
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
In the standard form a symbol may repeat at most three times, so 4 uses subtraction: one before five, IV. The same rule gives IX for 9, XL for 40, XC for 90, CD for 400 and CM for 900. IIII still appears on many clock faces as a tradition, but it is not standard.
Is 99 written IC?
No. I can only be subtracted from V and X, so IC is not valid. Write each place separately: 90 is XC and 9 is IX, so 99 is XCIX. Likewise 49 is XLIX, not IL, and 990 is CMXC, not XM.
What is the largest Roman numeral?
In standard form, 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), because M cannot repeat a fourth time. With a bar (vinculum), which multiplies by 1,000, the converter goes up to 3,999,999: the thousands 3,999 under a bar followed by CMXCIX.
How do I write a date in Roman numerals?
Convert the month, day and year separately and join them with periods or dots. July 20, 1969 becomes VII.XX.MCMLXIX in US order, or XX.VII.MCMLXIX day first. Double-check the order before engraving, since conventions differ by country.